Baetjer A M
Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1980 Nov;41(11):773-7. doi: 10.1080/15298668091425635.
This Herbert E. Stokinger Lecture, directed to the post-1970 industrial hygienists, describes the concepts and contributions of the early industrial hygienists in 1) the determination of standards-TLVs; and 2) the methods of obtaining better working conditions in industry. The scientists who developed the data and proposed the TLVs clearly understood their limitations and the many variable factors in applying these in industry, hence TLVs were suggested only as guides which allowed initiative, experimentation and value judgment by industrial hygienists. Industrial hygiene administration in the 1930's and '40's was the responsibility of state and local health departments (except in two states). In contrast to OSHA's penalty system, the philosophy was to educate and assist industry to understand their health problems and to advise them how to develop safe and healthy working conditions. Special emphasis was placed on small plants. These programs were very successful in most states. Because of OSHA's inability to inspect the small plants, it is recommended that those plants with less than 100 employees be removed from OSHA's jurisdiction and placed under the supervision of special divisions of state and local health departments, financed by USPHS funds, and that the type of service to these small industries be similar to that in the 1930's.
本次赫伯特·E·斯托金格讲座面向1970年后的工业卫生学家，讲述了早期工业卫生学家在以下两方面的理念和贡献：1) 标准（阈限值）的确定；2) 在工业中获得更好工作条件的方法。制定数据并提出阈限值的科学家们清楚地了解这些标准的局限性以及在工业应用中的诸多可变因素，因此阈限值仅作为一种指导建议，允许工业卫生学家发挥主动性、进行实验并做出价值判断。20世纪30年代和40年代的工业卫生管理工作由州和地方卫生部门负责（有两个州除外）。与职业安全与健康管理局（OSHA）的处罚制度不同，当时的理念是教育和协助企业了解其健康问题，并就如何制定安全健康的工作条件提供建议。特别强调了小型工厂。这些项目在大多数州都非常成功。鉴于职业安全与健康管理局无力检查小型工厂，建议将员工人数不足100人的工厂从职业安全与健康管理局的管辖范围内移除，交由州和地方卫生部门的特别部门监管，资金由美国公共卫生服务局（USPHS）提供，并且为这些小型企业提供的服务类型应与20世纪30年代类似。
