[History of Charles Nicolle's discovery of the route of typhus infection].

In 1909 French microbiologist, director of the Pasteur Institute in Tunis Charles Nicolle discovered the ways of the louse-borne typhus infection. With his numerous experiments on apes he proved that body louse is a transmitting gent of louse-borne infection. This great discovery which has formed the basis of modern concepts of the disease epidemiology and led to its prophylaxis has become lasting contribution to the history of medical science.