Hashimoto K
Sangyo Igaku. 1980 Sep;22(5):327-47. doi: 10.1539/joh1959.22.327.
Acrylonitrile (AN, CH2 = CH CN), a highly reactive compound having an active vinyl and cyanide group, has been widely used in various synthetic chemical industries. AN is known to produce toxic actions to human beings as well as experimental animals by inhalation and cutaneous contact. Its oral LD50 in animals are between 50 mg (for mouse) and 100 mg/kg (for rat, guinea pig, rabbit), and IC50 in 4 hours are between 110-140 ppm for mouse and dog, and 400-500 ppm for guinea pig. Although the mechanism of action of AN has not been completely understood, the action of both cyanide which is liberated in the organism and AN molecules themselves is considered to play some roles. Recent studies have shown that AN also produces chronic toxicity to human beings and experimental animals, and mutagenicity to microorganisms. In the U.S.A. experimental studies have shown an increased incidence of tumor in various organs after long-term administration of AN in rats. A preliminary report on an epidemiologic study conducted in the U.S.A. indicated excess cancer incidence and cancer mortality among workers exposed to AN. Further investigations will be needed to elucidate the carcinogenicity of the compound.
丙烯腈（AN，CH2 = CH CN）是一种具有活性乙烯基和氰基的高反应性化合物，已广泛应用于各种合成化学工业。已知丙烯腈通过吸入和皮肤接触对人类以及实验动物产生毒性作用。其在动物体内的口服半数致死量（LD50）在50毫克（小鼠）至100毫克/千克（大鼠、豚鼠、兔子）之间，4小时内的半数抑制浓度（IC50）对于小鼠和狗在110 - 140 ppm之间，对于豚鼠在400 - 500 ppm之间。尽管丙烯腈的作用机制尚未完全明确，但人们认为在生物体内释放的氰化物以及丙烯腈分子本身都起到了一定作用。最近的研究表明，丙烯腈还会对人类和实验动物产生慢性毒性，并对微生物具有致突变性。在美国，实验研究表明，大鼠长期接触丙烯腈后，各个器官的肿瘤发病率会增加。在美国进行的一项流行病学研究的初步报告显示，接触丙烯腈的工人中癌症发病率和死亡率过高。需要进一步的调查来阐明该化合物的致癌性。
