Austrian R
J Am Geriatr Soc. 1981 Nov;29(11):481-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1981.tb03349.x.
This lecture presents an outline of early historical observations on pulmonary disorders in relation to age, as well as current studies on respiratory-tract defense mechanisms, with particular reference to pneumonia. Special attention is paid to the prevention of pneumococcal pneumonia by means of vaccines. Although much remains to be learned about this vaccine and its efficacy in some segments of the population at high risk from pneumococcal infection, current knowledge regarding its safety and efficacy warrants it more extensive use. Included are interesting notes on Osler's ambivalent attitude toward pneumonia in old age and his stimulating ideas on retirement, patterned after Trollope's writings, which contain an early cost-benefit analysis for events set in 1980.
本次讲座概述了早期关于肺部疾病与年龄关系的历史观察，以及当前关于呼吸道防御机制的研究，尤其涉及肺炎。特别关注通过疫苗预防肺炎球菌肺炎。尽管关于这种疫苗及其在某些高风险肺炎球菌感染人群中的疗效仍有许多有待了解之处，但目前关于其安全性和疗效的知识证明应更广泛地使用它。其中还包括关于奥斯勒对老年肺炎矛盾态度的有趣笔记，以及他受特罗洛普作品启发而产生的关于退休的振奋人心的想法，特罗洛普的作品包含了对1980年发生事件的早期成本效益分析。
