Bernthal J E, Beukelman D R
J Speech Hear Res. 1978 Jun;21(2):361-71. doi: 10.1044/jshr.2102.361.
Peak intraoral air pressures produced by 12 children (age four to six years), 12 youths (age 10 to 12 years), and 12 adults (age 19 to 46 years) were measured during the production of /p/ and /b/ in 12 stimulus words placed in a carrier phrase. Mean pressures produced by children and youths were similar but significantly higher than those for adults. Pressures associated with /p/ were significantly higher than those associated with /b/ across all age groups. Mean pressures associated with the intervocalic context were significantly higher than for the postvocalic context. An inverse relationship was found between age and variability of intraoral pressure, and the variability of pressure associated with /b/ was greater across all age groups than that associated with /p/.
在置于载体短语中的12个刺激词的/p/和/b/发音过程中，测量了12名儿童（4至6岁）、12名青少年（10至12岁）和12名成年人（19至46岁）产生的口腔内峰值气压。儿童和青少年产生的平均气压相似，但显著高于成年人。在所有年龄组中，与/p/相关的气压显著高于与/b/相关的气压。与元音间语境相关的平均气压显著高于元音后语境。发现年龄与口腔内压力变异性之间存在反比关系，并且在所有年龄组中，与/b/相关的压力变异性大于与/p/相关的压力变异性。
