Pelroy R A, Sklarew D S, Downey S P
Mutat Res. 1981 Nov;90(3):233-45. doi: 10.1016/0165-1218(81)90003-3.
Chemical fractions from 4 shale oils including one produced in an above-ground retort (Paraho), 2 produced below ground by in situ method (Occidental and Geokinetics), and 1 produced by a simulated modified in situ process (Livermore), were tested for mutagenicity against Salmonella typhimurium TA98 in the Ames assay system. Their mutagenic activities were compared with 2 other complex materials: a high-boiling coal distillate (The Solvent Refined Coal Process I (SRC II) heavy distillate), and a crude petroleum (Prudhoe Bay). Each material was fractionated by Sephadex LH-20 partition chromatography and by acid-base solvent extraction to provide chemical fractions for bioassay. Mutagenic activity was detected in the coal liquid (and their fractions), but not in the natural crude oil nor in any of its fractions. The basic and tar fractions derived by solvent extraction, and the LH-20 methanol fractions contained most of the mutagenic activity recovered from the unfractionated material. The heavy distillate was approx. 10 times more active in the Ames assay than the most mutagenically active shale oil. The most mutagenically active of the shale oils was about 10 times more active than the least active shale oil.
对4种页岩油的化学馏分进行了测试，其中一种是通过地上干馏法生产的（帕拉霍页岩油），2种是通过地下原位法生产的（西方石油公司和地球动力学公司的页岩油），1种是通过模拟改良原位工艺生产的（利弗莫尔页岩油），采用艾姆斯试验系统检测其对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌TA98的致突变性。将它们的致突变活性与另外2种复杂物质进行了比较：一种高沸点煤馏分（溶剂精制煤工艺I（SRC II）重馏分）和一种原油（普拉德霍湾原油）。每种物质都通过葡聚糖LH - 20分配色谱法和酸碱溶剂萃取法进行分馏，以提供用于生物测定的化学馏分。在煤液（及其馏分）中检测到了致突变活性，但在天然原油及其任何馏分中均未检测到。通过溶剂萃取得到的碱性馏分和焦油馏分，以及葡聚糖LH - 20甲醇馏分含有从未分馏物质中回收的大部分致突变活性。重馏分在艾姆斯试验中的活性约为致突变活性最高的页岩油的10倍。致突变活性最高的页岩油的活性约为活性最低的页岩油的10倍。
