Pardridge W M, Gorski R A, Lippe B M, Green R
Ann Intern Med. 1982 Apr;96(4):488-501. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-96-4-488.
Sexual behavior in humans may be classified according to gender role, gender identity, and gender orientation. Sexually dimorphic behavior in humans is generally felt to be determined by postnatal socialization. Recent work in laboratory animals shows that sexual behavior is a function of circulating steroid hormones, particularly androgens. Testosterone given during a critical period in prenatal or immediate postnatal life causes permanent organizational effects on brain structure and function in laboratory animals. Studies in human patients with testicular feminization, 5-alpha-reductase deficiency, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, or prenatal steroid hormone exposure, provide clinical examples of possible effects of prenatal hormone action in the brain as opposed to postnatal socialization. However, these studies do not permit a clear assessment of the role played by either prenatal steroid hormones or postnatal socialization factors in the ultimate expression of sexual behavior in humans.
人类的性行为可根据性别角色、性别认同和性取向进行分类。一般认为，人类的两性异形行为是由出生后的社会化过程决定的。最近在实验动物身上的研究表明，性行为是循环类固醇激素，特别是雄激素的一种功能。在产前或产后即刻的关键时期给予睾酮会对实验动物的大脑结构和功能产生永久性的组织学影响。对患有雄激素不敏感综合征、5-α还原酶缺乏症、先天性肾上腺皮质增生症或产前类固醇激素暴露的人类患者的研究，提供了产前激素作用于大脑而非产后社会化可能产生的影响的临床实例。然而，这些研究无法明确评估产前类固醇激素或产后社会化因素在人类性行为最终表现中所起的作用。
