Wills M R, Bruns D E, Savory J
Ann Clin Lab Sci. 1982 Mar-Apr;12(2):79-88.
The physiological mechanisms involved in the alterations in calcium homeostasis during pregnancy are complex. The fetal acquisition of calcium, for skeletal growth, is obtained by an increase in intestinal calcium absorption in the mother with transplacental calcium transfer to the fetus. The regulation of calcium homeostasis during the transition from the intrauterine to the extrauterine environment is complex and poorly understood. Within the first few hours of life the serum calcium concentrations begins to fall progressively reaching a "trough" value by the second or third day of life and then increases to normal values by the tenth day of life. In some neonates the fall in calcium concentration is sufficient to be associated with either tetany or convulsions. Hypocalcemia is probably the commonest disturbance of calcium homeostasis that occurs in the neonate and can be subdivided into three main groups on the basis of the etiological mechanism involved. Other disorders of calcium homeostasis that may affect the neonate include hypoparathyroidism, either congenital or acquired, pseudohypoparathyroidism, and vitamin D deficiency. Hypercalcemia may occur, but is a relatively rare occurrence in the neonate.
孕期钙稳态改变所涉及的生理机制很复杂。胎儿为骨骼生长获取钙，是通过母亲肠道钙吸收增加并经胎盘将钙转运给胎儿来实现的。从子宫内环境过渡到子宫外环境期间，钙稳态的调节很复杂，目前了解甚少。在出生后的头几个小时内，血清钙浓度开始逐渐下降，到出生后第二天或第三天达到“低谷”值，然后在出生后第十天升至正常水平。在一些新生儿中，钙浓度下降足以引发手足搐搦或惊厥。低钙血症可能是新生儿中最常见的钙稳态紊乱，根据所涉及的病因机制可分为三大类。其他可能影响新生儿的钙稳态紊乱包括先天性或后天性甲状旁腺功能减退、假性甲状旁腺功能减退和维生素D缺乏。高钙血症可能发生，但在新生儿中相对少见。
