Thomas W G
Environ Health Perspect. 1982 Apr;44:67-75. doi: 10.1289/ehp.824467.
Many drugs, chemical substances and agents are potentially toxic to the human auditory system. The extent of toxicity depends on numerous factors. With few exceptions, toxicity in the auditory system affects various organs or cells within the cochlea or vestibular system, with brain stem and other central nervous system involvement reported with some chemicals and agents. This ototoxicity usually presents as a decrease in auditory sensitivity, tinnitus and/or vertigo or loss of balance. Classical and newer audiological techniques used in clinical assessment are beneficial in specifying the site of lesion in the cochlea, although auditory test results, themselves, give little information regarding possible pathology or etiology within the cochlea. Typically,, ototoxicity results in high frequency hearing loss, progressive as a function of frequency, usually accompanied by tinnitus and occasionally by vertigo or loss of balance. Auditory testing protocols are necessary to document this loss in auditory function.
许多药物、化学物质和制剂对人类听觉系统具有潜在毒性。毒性程度取决于众多因素。除少数例外情况外，听觉系统的毒性会影响耳蜗或前庭系统内的各种器官或细胞，一些化学物质和制剂还会累及脑干及其他中枢神经系统。这种耳毒性通常表现为听觉敏感度下降、耳鸣和/或眩晕或平衡失调。临床评估中使用的传统和新型听力学技术有助于确定耳蜗内的病变部位，尽管听觉测试结果本身关于耳蜗内可能的病理或病因提供的信息很少。通常，耳毒性会导致高频听力损失，随频率增加而进展，通常伴有耳鸣，偶尔伴有眩晕或平衡失调。需要听觉测试方案来记录这种听觉功能损失。
