Calenoff L, Foley M J, Hendrix R W
Radiology. 1982 Jan;142(1):71-6. doi: 10.1148/radiology.142.1.7053552.
Of 358 antegrade voiding urethrograms obtained in 200 males with spinal cord injury, the urethra was satisfactorily shown by 154 (77%), permitting evaluation of alterations related to cord damage, surgery, or iatrogenic trauma. In 105 cases the neurogenic urethra was normal, demonstrated only minor distension, or had a patulous appearance, in contrast to urinary tract changes such as a markedly neurogenic bladder, vesicoureteral reflux, and bladder calculi. In 49 patients, abnormalities included (a) changes related to surgical alleviation of sphincter dyssynergia; (b) iatrogenic changes such as diverticula strictures, undermining of the external sphincter ("spiral sign"), and intravasation of contrast material; and (c) pressure necrosis of the urethra. Some changes need no special treatment; others, such as pressure necrosis, require early recognition and prompt therapy.
在200例脊髓损伤男性患者中获得的358例顺行性排尿尿道造影中，154例（77%）尿道显示良好，从而能够评估与脊髓损伤、手术或医源性创伤相关的改变。105例患者的神经源性尿道正常，仅显示轻微扩张或呈开放状外观，这与诸如明显的神经源性膀胱、膀胱输尿管反流和膀胱结石等泌尿系统改变形成对比。49例患者的异常情况包括：（a）与手术缓解括约肌协同失调相关的改变；（b）医源性改变，如憩室、狭窄、外括约肌破坏（“螺旋征”）以及造影剂外渗；（c）尿道压迫性坏死。有些改变无需特殊治疗；而其他改变，如压迫性坏死，则需要早期识别并及时治疗。
