Sacco W P, Hokanson J E
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1982 Feb;42(2):377-85. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.42.2.377.
Three groups of subjects--depressed, nondepressed, and nondepressed pretreated with an insolvable-problems (failure) manipulation--were compared on self-reinforcement during a 22-trial skill task. Success rate was experimentally controlled, and all subjects received either an initially high rate of success followed by a low rate of success or an initially low rate of success followed by a high rate of success. Subjects responded in either a public (experimenter present) or a private (unobserved and anonymous) condition. Measures of self-reinforcement revealed differences among the groups' responses across the public-private conditions, suggesting greater support for predictions derived from an interpersonal view of depression than for predictions from current cognitive theories of depression. Moreover, it was found that within the high-low sequence depressed-private subjects reinforced themselves at a significantly higher level than nondepressed-private subjects, a finding at odds with predictions derived from cognitive theories.
在一项22次试验的技能任务中，对三组受试者进行了比较，这三组分别是抑郁症患者、非抑郁症患者以及之前用无法解决的问题（失败）操作进行预处理的非抑郁症患者，比较内容为自我强化情况。实验控制了成功率，所有受试者要么一开始成功率高随后成功率低，要么一开始成功率低随后成功率高。受试者在公开（有实验者在场）或私密（无人观察且匿名）的条件下做出反应。自我强化的测量结果显示，在公开 - 私密条件下，各群体的反应存在差异，这表明相较于当前抑郁症认知理论的预测，来自抑郁症人际观点的预测得到了更多支持。此外，研究发现，在高低成功率序列中，处于私密条件下的抑郁症患者自我强化的程度显著高于处于私密条件下的非抑郁症患者，这一发现与认知理论的预测相悖。
