Acklin M W, Sauer A, Alexander G, Dugoni B
Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii.
J Pers Assess. 1989 Spring;53(1):51-9. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa5301_6.
In order to investigate the utility of earliest childhood memories (EMs) in clinical assessment, this study investigated the value of EMs in predicting naturally occurring depressive mood states. Of interest were those features of EMs that discriminate depressed from nondepressed individuals. Subjects were 212 undergraduate volunteers who completed the Beck Depression Inventory, the Profile of Mood States, and a self-administered EM questionnaire. Utilizing thematic predictors derived from cognitive and psychodynamic theories of depression, depressed subjects were differentiated from nondepressed subjects at a rate significantly greater than chance, p less than .001, with a highly respectable estimate of cross-validation shrinkage. The findings demonstrate the phenomenon of mood dependent recall in autobiographical memory, namely, that memory attributes are strongly influenced by current mood state. Consistent with psychodynamic theories of depression and in contrast to cognitive theory, depressive mood states appear to facilitate retrieval of memory schemas involving deprivation and disturbing human interaction. Schemas involving loss of control, failure, or reactions to noncontingent reinforcement (perceptions of the self as agent) appear less salient than relationship schemas (perceptions of the self as related) in depressive experience.
为了研究童年早期记忆（EMs）在临床评估中的效用，本研究调查了EMs在预测自然发生的抑郁情绪状态方面的价值。研究感兴趣的是EMs中那些能够区分抑郁个体和非抑郁个体的特征。研究对象为212名本科志愿者，他们完成了贝克抑郁量表、情绪状态剖面图和一份自我管理的EM问卷。利用从抑郁的认知和心理动力学理论中得出的主题预测因子，抑郁组与非抑郁组的区分率显著高于随机水平，p小于.001，交叉验证收缩率的估计值非常可观。研究结果证明了自传体记忆中情绪依赖回忆的现象，即记忆属性受当前情绪状态的强烈影响。与抑郁的心理动力学理论一致且与认知理论相反，抑郁情绪状态似乎有助于检索涉及剥夺和令人不安的人际互动的记忆图式。在抑郁体验中，涉及失去控制、失败或对非偶然强化的反应（将自我视为主体的认知）的图式似乎不如关系图式（将自我视为有联系的认知）突出。
