Sosinina E F
Parazitologiia. 1982 Jan-Feb;16(1):62-8.
Not infrequently lice can reach great abundance on rodents. The distribution of lice on animals is uneven. The infection with lice depends not only on the physiological and ecological properties of the host but also on the environmental conditions. The distribution of lice on rodents can be affected by the development of transport communications. If a population of rodents is parasitized by two species of specific lice, they belong to different genera. On single animals only one species of lice occurs as a rule; if two species occur, then one of them is dominant. In this way decreases the interspecific competition between lice. Seasonal and age changes in lice infection are associated with those in host's biology and behaviour under certain climatic conditions. It is clearly displayed in rodents breeding once a year. The infection with lice increase with the rise in rodents abundance. Along with the confirmation of the general rule of poor infection with specific parasites at the borders of the species distribution a case of high infection with lice at the border of the host's distribution was noted. In addition to specific lice, alien species are recorded on small mammals which appear due to exchange of parasites between hosts. Examples are given all conquering new hosts by lice; as a result close species of lice can parasitize phylogenetically distant hosts.
虱子在啮齿动物身上常常大量滋生。虱子在动物身上的分布并不均匀。虱子的感染不仅取决于宿主的生理和生态特性，还取决于环境条件。啮齿动物身上虱子的分布会受到交通通讯发展的影响。如果一群啮齿动物被两种特定的虱子寄生，它们属于不同的属。通常在单只动物身上只会出现一种虱子；如果出现两种虱子，那么其中一种占主导。这样就减少了虱子之间的种间竞争。虱子感染的季节性和年龄变化与特定气候条件下宿主的生物学和行为变化相关。这在每年繁殖一次的啮齿动物身上表现得很明显。虱子感染率随着啮齿动物数量的增加而上升。除了证实物种分布边界处特定寄生虫感染率低的一般规律外，还注意到在宿主分布边界处虱子感染率高的情况。除了特定的虱子外，在小型哺乳动物身上还记录到外来物种，这些外来物种是由于宿主之间寄生虫的交换而出现的。文中给出了虱子征服新宿主的例子；结果亲缘关系相近的虱子可以寄生于系统发育上相距遥远的宿主。
