Seven different kinds of arterial injury may occur to the limb. These may be accompanied by external bleeding and may result in ischemia sufficient to put the limb in jeopardy. There may be contusion of the arterial wall and thrombosis. There may be true or false aneurysms and arteriovenous fistulas. The extent and location of the injury must be ascertained early. The artery should be conservatively debrided and repaired by end-to-end anastomosis, interpositional grafting or bypass grafting. When possible, skeletal injuries should be stabilized by external fixation. Nerve injuries should be marked for later repair. Antibiotics should be used prophylactically. Mannitol may be used for diuresis. Amputation may be indicated. Fasciotomy is carried out in the presence of compartment compression.
肢体可能发生七种不同类型的动脉损伤。这些损伤可能伴有外出血，并可能导致足以危及肢体的缺血。可能存在动脉壁挫伤和血栓形成。可能存在真性或假性动脉瘤以及动静脉瘘。必须尽早确定损伤的范围和位置。应通过端端吻合、间置移植或旁路移植对动脉进行保守清创和修复。如有可能，应通过外固定稳定骨骼损伤。应标记神经损伤以便后期修复。应预防性使用抗生素。甘露醇可用于利尿。可能需要进行截肢。在存在骨筋膜室综合征时进行筋膜切开术。
