Lomholt N
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1982 Feb;26(1):1-3. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1982.tb01715.x.
Tracheal suction catheters damage the mucosa of the airway, due to both the pull from the vacuum and insertion of the catheter. The pull of the vacuum from a suctioncatheter was measured on a Mettler balance. An open side hole reduced the pull by around 90% and a distance of 1 mm gave a reduction of around 90%. The combination of one side hole and a 1 mm distance gave a 99% reduction of the pull. The difference between one or more side holes was measured. The suction efficacy was higher with a single side hole than with several side holes. On the basis of these measurements and a review of the literature, the principles were outlined for the construction of a suction catheter which provided maximum suction efficacy and caused minimum damage: (1) a moderate to strong vacuum was to be used; (2) the catheter was to have a single hole at the tip and a single side hole placed at the convex side of the angle; (3) both side hole and tip hole should be so constructed that the holes were kept at a distance from the mucosa; and (4) the tip should be angulated.
气管吸引导管会因真空吸力和导管插入而损伤气道黏膜。在梅特勒天平上测量了吸引导管的真空吸力。开放的侧孔可使吸力降低约90%，距离1毫米可使吸力降低约90%。一个侧孔和1毫米距离相结合可使吸力降低99%。测量了一个或多个侧孔之间的差异。单一侧孔的吸痰效果高于多个侧孔。基于这些测量结果和文献综述，概述了构建吸引导管的原则，该导管应提供最大吸痰效果并造成最小损伤：（1）使用中度至强力真空；（2）导管尖端应有一个孔，且在角的凸面有一个侧孔；（3）侧孔和尖端孔的构造应使孔与黏膜保持一定距离；（4）尖端应成角度。
