Gibbons B H
J Cell Sci. 1982 Apr;54:115-35. doi: 10.1242/jcs.54.1.115.
Low concentrations of methanol, 2-propanol and ethylene glycol increase the asymmetry of the flagellar waveforms ad the turning rate of both live sperm and potentially symmetrical sperm reactivated with 1 mM-MgATP2-, while at the same time causing a decrease in the heat frequency. Similar effects are observed if the solvents are added to preparations of potentially symmetrical sperm reactivated in the presence of 1 mM free Ca2+, or to potentially asymmetrical sperm reactivated without added Ca2+, A second group of solvents, N,N-dimethylformamide, formamide and p-dioxane, also decrease the flagellar beat frequency, but have the opposite effect on symmetry, reducing the asymmetry of the waveforms and the turning rate of potentially symmetrical sperm reactivated in the presence of 1 mM free Ca2+. These effects of solvents are all reversible within about 5 min after initial exposure to solvent. Higher concentrations of methanol and 2-propanol (above approximately 5 and 0.8 mole %, respectively) induce quiescence in potentially asymmetrical sperm reactivated with concentrations of MgATP2- ranging from 10 microM to 1 mM. The quiescent flagella initially assume a bent form very similar to that seen in Ca2+-induced quiescence, and show a subsequent time-dependent distortion of the initial bent from with eventual disintegration and splitting off of bundles of microtubules. Dimethylformamide, formamide and dioxane have almost no effect on the intrinsic asymmetry of potentially asymmetrical sperm reactivated in the absence of added Ca2+, but addition of these solvents to potentially asymmetrical sperm that have been induced to become quiescent by addition of 0.1 mM free Ca2+ causes the sperm to resume swimming with flagellar waveforms that are substantially more symmetrical that those of the starting preparation before the addition of Ca2+. Mild digestion with trypsin of reactivated sperm that have been induced either to beat asymmetrically or to become quiescent by addition of methanol causes a gradual appearance of symmetrical flagellar beating, as in the case of Ca2+-induced quiescence. The flagellar beat frequency, however, remains low, at about 20 Hz. The results suggest that the solvents either mimic or block the action of CA2+ by interaction with a Ca2+-dependent regulatory protein, and may also induce alteration in the rate constants of dynein ATPase.
低浓度的甲醇、2-丙醇和乙二醇会增加鞭毛波形的不对称性以及活精子和用1 mM - MgATP2 - 重新激活的潜在对称精子的转向速率，同时导致热频率降低。如果将这些溶剂添加到在1 mM游离Ca2 + 存在下重新激活的潜在对称精子制剂中，或者添加到未添加Ca2 + 而重新激活的潜在不对称精子制剂中，也会观察到类似的效果。第二组溶剂，N，N - 二甲基甲酰胺、甲酰胺和对二氧六环，也会降低鞭毛搏动频率，但对对称性有相反的影响，会降低在1 mM游离Ca2 + 存在下重新激活的潜在对称精子的波形不对称性和转向速率。这些溶剂的作用在最初接触溶剂后约5分钟内都是可逆的。较高浓度的甲醇和2-丙醇（分别高于约5和0.8摩尔％）会使在用浓度范围为10 microM至1 mM的MgATP2 - 重新激活的潜在不对称精子中诱导静止。静止的鞭毛最初呈现出一种非常类似于Ca2 + 诱导静止时所见的弯曲形式，并显示出随后随时间对初始弯曲形式的扭曲，最终微管束解体并分裂。二甲基甲酰胺、甲酰胺和二氧六环对在未添加Ca2 + 时重新激活的潜在不对称精子的固有不对称性几乎没有影响，但将这些溶剂添加到通过添加0.1 mM游离Ca2 + 而诱导静止的潜在不对称精子中，会使精子恢复游动，其鞭毛波形比添加Ca2 + 之前起始制剂的波形更加对称。用胰蛋白酶对通过添加甲醇而诱导不对称搏动或静止的重新激活精子进行轻度消化，会导致逐渐出现对称的鞭毛搏动，就像Ca2 + 诱导静止的情况一样。然而，鞭毛搏动频率仍然很低，约为20 Hz。结果表明，这些溶剂通过与Ca2 + 依赖性调节蛋白相互作用来模拟或阻断Ca2 + 的作用，并且还可能诱导动力蛋白ATP酶的速率常数发生改变。
