Wasserman G A, Lewis M
J Genet Psychol. 1982 Mar;140(1st Half):19-31. doi: 10.1080/00221325.1982.10534172.
Mothers and their firstborn year-old infants (30 girls, 30 boys) were observed during two counterbalanced situations. In the noninteraction situation, mothers were not to initiate interaction; during interaction mothers were free to interact. Maternal and infant behavior were dependent upon both the situation examined and how it compared to the previous situation. During interaction, mothers directed more behavior toward their infants than during noninteraction; this effect was intensified when noninteraction preceded interaction. Infant looking and proximity-seeking were greater during interaction than during noninteraction, while the reverse was true for touching and vocalization. A decrease in the level of interaction resulted in increases in infant behavior, while the reverse transition was associated with a more variable pattern. Two models describe the interrelationships between changes in maternal and infant behavior. In a reciprocal system, increases by the mother in a given behavior, or in the general interactive level are related to decreases in infant behavior, and vice versa. In an incremental system, any change in maternal behavior is met by increases in infant behavior.
在两种相互平衡的情境中观察了母亲及其一岁的头胎婴儿（30名女孩，30名男孩）。在非互动情境中，母亲不得发起互动；在互动情境中，母亲可以自由互动。母婴行为既取决于所考察的情境，也取决于该情境与先前情境的比较。在互动期间，母亲对婴儿的行为比在非互动期间更多；当非互动先于互动时，这种效应会增强。与非互动相比，婴儿在互动期间的注视和寻求亲近行为更多，而触摸和发声则相反。互动水平的下降会导致婴儿行为增加，而相反的转变则与更具变化性的模式相关。有两种模型描述母婴行为变化之间的相互关系。在互惠系统中，母亲在特定行为或总体互动水平上的增加与婴儿行为的减少相关，反之亦然。在增量系统中，母亲行为的任何变化都会伴随着婴儿行为的增加。
