Haley R W, Bregman D A
J Infect Dis. 1982 Jun;145(6):875-85. doi: 10.1093/infdis/145.6.875.
Understaffing and overcrowding in the neonatal nursery are thought to contribute to the spread of infectious diseases among neonates, although little scientific documentation exists to support the view. In the present investigation of recurring epidemics in one nursery, the incidence rate of clustered staphylococcal infection was 16 times higher after periods when the infant:nurse ratio exceeded 7, seven times higher after periods when the infant census exceeded 33, three times higher in the summer months, and 1.5 times higher in the absence of bathing with hexachlorophene. All four factors were significantly associated with infection in a multivariate statistical model which predicted the occurrence of infection well (goodness-of-fit chi 2 = 6.08; df = 9; P = 0.73). These results support the contention that staphylococcal outbreaks periodically resulted when, in the presence of overcrowding, serious understaffing made frequent handwashing between infant contacts difficult. Elimination of these problems appears to be important in reducing cross infection in the nursery.
新生儿重症监护室人员配备不足和过度拥挤被认为是导致传染病在新生儿中传播的原因，尽管几乎没有科学文献支持这一观点。在本次对一个重症监护室反复出现的流行病的调查中，当婴儿与护士的比例超过7时，聚集性葡萄球菌感染的发病率比平时高出16倍；当婴儿普查人数超过33时，发病率比平时高出7倍；在夏季，发病率比平时高出3倍；在没有使用六氯酚沐浴时，发病率比平时高出1.5倍。在一个能很好预测感染发生情况的多变量统计模型中（拟合优度卡方 = 6.08；自由度 = 9；P = 0.73），所有这四个因素都与感染显著相关。这些结果支持了这样的观点，即在过度拥挤的情况下，严重的人员配备不足使得在接触婴儿之间频繁洗手变得困难，从而导致葡萄球菌疫情周期性爆发。消除这些问题对于减少重症监护室的交叉感染似乎很重要。
