Burkman R, Schlesselman S, McCaffrey L, Gupta P K, Spence M
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1982 Jul 1;143(5):585-9. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(82)90552-x.
As a corollary to a case-control study evaluating the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) among users of an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD), Papanicolaou smears were studied to detect the presence of actinomycetes. Forty-six PID case patients and 108 control patients were included in the corollary study. The presence of actinomycetes was noted only among current or past wearers of an IUD. Women with actinomycetes present on Papanicolaou smear had a 3.6-fold risk of hospitalization for PID, as compared to women without actinomycetes. This trend persisted when only IUD users were evaluated. Of patients with PID who had actinomycetes noted on the Papanicolaou smear, 87 1/2% had a tuboovarian abscess, compared to 28.9% of patients without actinomycetes. In addition, patients with actinomycetes present had PID treated surgically more frequently.
作为一项评估宫内节育器（IUD）使用者盆腔炎（PID）风险的病例对照研究的推论，对巴氏涂片进行了研究以检测放线菌的存在。该推论研究纳入了46例PID病例患者和108例对照患者。仅在当前或过去使用IUD的女性中发现了放线菌的存在。巴氏涂片上有放线菌的女性因PID住院的风险是没有放线菌女性的3.6倍。当仅评估IUD使用者时，这一趋势依然存在。在巴氏涂片上发现有放线菌的PID患者中，87.5%患有输卵管卵巢脓肿，而没有放线菌的患者中这一比例为28.9%。此外，有放线菌的患者PID接受手术治疗的频率更高。
