Atallah Y H, Cahill W P, Whitacre D M
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1982;11(2):219-25. doi: 10.1007/BF01054899.
Applicator personnel were monitored during aerial and ground applications of EPN to cotton in Mississippi and Arizona. Respiratory exposure based on an 8-hr workday averaged 11 micrograms for pilots,, 15 micrograms for loaders, and 39 micrograms for ground applicators. Respiratory exposure of flagmen, monitored during a complete application cycle, averaged 317 micrograms/8 hr. Mean 8-hr dermal exposures were 2.1 mg for pilots, 6.3 mg for loaders, 117.7 mg for flagmen, and 7.5 mg for ground applicators. The levels of exposure were affected by route of exposure, body region, method of application, job function, attitude and experience, duration of exposure, weather conditions, and accidents. Recommendations are made to reduce the exposure of pilots, loaders, and ground applicators by modification of procedures and use of personal protective equipment. Because flagmen had the greatest exposure, a recommendation is made to substitute their function with fixed landmarks; if this is not possible, flagmen must wear the proper protective equipment.
在密西西比州和亚利桑那州对棉花进行乙基对硫磷空中和地面施药期间，对施药人员进行了监测。以8小时工作日计算，飞行员的呼吸道暴露平均为11微克，装料工为15微克，地面施药人员为39微克。在一个完整施药周期内监测的旗手呼吸道暴露平均为317微克/8小时。8小时平均皮肤暴露量，飞行员为2.1毫克，装料工为6.3毫克，旗手为117.7毫克，地面施药人员为7.5毫克。暴露水平受暴露途径、身体部位、施药方法、工作职能、姿势和经验、暴露持续时间、天气状况及事故影响。建议通过修改程序和使用个人防护设备来减少飞行员、装料工和地面施药人员的暴露。由于旗手的暴露量最大，建议用固定地标替代其职能；若无法做到，旗手必须穿戴适当的防护设备。
