Newman R C, Carney R E, Sharon I A
Community Ment Health J. 1978 Fall;14(3):233-8. doi: 10.1007/BF00754503.
A questionnaire presenting two clinical cases with questions about a diagnosis, type of treatment, and whether the respondent would treat or refer the person was administered to pastoral counselors, psychologists, social workers, and psychiatrists. Psychiatrists tend to see the most and social workers the least pathology in the cases. Psychiatrists see the least need for a psychometric evaluation, but no difference was found concerning need for a neurological examination. The majority prefer to treat the "neurotic" case, whereas there was an almost equal tendency to refer the "phychotic" case. Social workers most prefer to treat and pastoral counselors to refer the "psychotic" case. Overall, social workers refer the most, pastoral counselors the least. Credibility as referral source is ranked as follows: psychiatry, psychology, social work, counselors (both pastoral and marriage, family and child), with laymen ranking lowest. Rankings of credibility and effectiveness as referral sources are highly correlated. Furthermore, the more effective and credible a professional group, the supply of such persons is seen as ample.
一份包含两个临床病例的问卷被发放给了牧师顾问、心理学家、社会工作者和精神科医生，问卷内容涉及诊断、治疗类型以及受访者是否会对患者进行治疗或转诊等问题。在这些病例中，精神科医生倾向于认为存在最多的病理情况，而社会工作者认为存在的病理情况最少。精神科医生认为最不需要进行心理测量评估，但在是否需要进行神经学检查方面未发现差异。大多数人更倾向于治疗“神经症”病例，而对于“精神病”病例，转诊的倾向几乎相同。社会工作者最倾向于治疗“精神病”病例，而牧师顾问最倾向于转诊“精神病”病例。总体而言，社会工作者转诊的情况最多，牧师顾问转诊的情况最少。作为转诊来源的可信度排名如下：精神病学、心理学、社会工作、顾问（包括牧师顾问以及婚姻、家庭和儿童顾问），外行人的可信度最低。作为转诊来源的可信度和有效性排名高度相关。此外，一个专业群体越有效且可信，人们就认为该群体的人员供应充足。
