Maina J N, Abdalla M A, King A S
Acta Anat (Basel). 1982;112(3):264-70. doi: 10.1159/000145519.
The lungs of 107 birds of 19 different species from seven orders were fixed in situ. The mean volumes of both fixed lungs together ranged from 0.15 to 95.31 cm3. Histological sections of one lung from each bird were analyzed by point counting with a Zeiss integrating eyepiece to determine the volume densities and thence the absolute volumes of the main functional components of the lung. The mean volume density of the exchange tissue was highest in the 11 passeriform species (53.5%) and lowest in the 2 charadriiform species (34.6%); that for all of the 8 non-passeriform species was 42.6%. The possible significance of these variations in relation to the differing oxygen requirements of these groups of birds is discussed. The parabronchi showed minor variations in the degree of development of the interparabronchial septa, atria, interatrial septa, and atrial muscles. The diameter of the parabronchi (including the mantle of exchange tissue) ranged from about 0.34 mm in the passeriform species to about 0.63 mm in Anser anser; the lumen of the parabronchus accounted for about half of this diameter. Body weight an lung volume were strongly correlated (0.995); the allometric function relating lung volume to body weight was 29.5 w0.988.
对来自七个目19个不同物种的107只鸟的肺进行原位固定。两只固定肺的总体积范围为0.15至95.31立方厘米。用蔡司积分目镜通过点计数法对每只鸟一侧肺的组织切片进行分析，以确定体积密度，从而得出肺主要功能成分的绝对体积。交换组织的平均体积密度在11种雀形目鸟类中最高（53.5%），在2种鸻形目鸟类中最低（34.6%）；所有8种非雀形目鸟类的平均体积密度为42.6%。讨论了这些变化与这些鸟类不同氧气需求相关的可能意义。平行支气管在支气管间间隔、心房、心房间隔和心房肌的发育程度上有微小变化。平行支气管（包括交换组织外层）的直径范围从雀形目鸟类的约0.34毫米到灰雁的约0.63毫米；平行支气管的管腔约占该直径的一半。体重与肺体积密切相关（0.995）；肺体积与体重的异速生长函数为29.5 w0.988。
