Garfinkle T J, Kimmelman C P
Am J Otolaryngol. 1982 May-Jun;3(3):204-12. doi: 10.1016/s0196-0709(82)80056-2.
The patient who has multiple cranial neuropathies may pose a diagnostic dilemma. The neurologic disorders of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, and poliomyelitis often cause bulbar dysfunctions such as diplopia, facial weakness, slurred or hypernasal speech, dysphagia, and hoarseness. In general, treatment is supportive and is directed toward restoring or aiding lost function (i.e., tracheostomy, esophagostomy, and cricopharyngeal myotomy). The relative infrequency of these disorders can lead to delays in diagnosis and rehabilitative therapy.
患有多种颅神经病变的患者可能会带来诊断难题。肌萎缩侧索硬化症、多发性硬化症、重症肌无力和脊髓灰质炎等神经系统疾病常导致延髓功能障碍，如复视、面部无力、言语含糊或鼻音过重、吞咽困难和声音嘶哑。一般来说，治疗以支持性为主，旨在恢复或辅助丧失的功能（即气管切开术、食管造口术和环咽肌切开术）。这些疾病相对罕见，可能导致诊断和康复治疗的延迟。
