Mahut H, Zola-Morgan S, Moss M
J Neurosci. 1982 Sep;2(9):1214-20. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.02-09-01214.1982.
Damage to the hippocampus has been implicated in the permanent loss of memory in patients with medial temporal lobe resections. In two previous studies, it was established that bilateral ablations of the hippocampus in the monkey impaired performance on an associative learning task and on an object discrimination retention task. The two objectives of the present study were to assess the long term effects of hippocampal resections in the monkey and to extend the analysis of the effects of these resections to recognition memory. Therefore, the performance of monkeys with either hippocampal ablations or fornix transections, sustained 5 years earlier, was compared (1) on a concurrent discrimination task--a previously unencountered associative learning task--and (2) on a nonmatching-to-sample recognition task with either delays interposed between the presentation of the sample object and the recognition trial or with lists of either 1-, 3-, 5-, or 10-object samples. Significant impairment on both tasks was found after hippocampal, but not after fornix, damage. Though monkeys in the hippocampal group were impaired on both delays and lists, the impairment was more severe on the lists, with abnormal sensitivity to pro- and retroactive interference as a possible source of difficulty. Thus, in parallel with clinical findings, ablations of the hippocampus in the nonhuman primate produce an enduring disruption of memory.
海马体损伤与内侧颞叶切除术患者的永久性记忆丧失有关。在之前的两项研究中，已证实猴子双侧海马体切除会损害其在联想学习任务和物体辨别记忆任务中的表现。本研究的两个目标是评估猴子海马体切除的长期影响，并将这些切除的影响分析扩展到识别记忆。因此，比较了5年前进行海马体切除或穹窿横断的猴子在以下方面的表现：（1）同时进行辨别任务——一项之前未遇到过的联想学习任务；（2）在样本与非样本匹配的识别任务中，在呈现样本物体和识别试验之间插入延迟，或使用包含1个、3个、5个或10个物体样本的列表。发现海马体损伤后两项任务均有显著损伤，而穹窿损伤后则没有。尽管海马体组的猴子在延迟和列表任务中均受损，但在列表任务中的损伤更严重，对前摄干扰和倒摄干扰的异常敏感可能是困难的来源。因此，与临床发现一致，非人类灵长类动物海马体切除会导致记忆的持久破坏。
