Murray E A, Davidson M, Gaffan D, Olton D S, Suomi S
Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Exp Brain Res. 1989;74(1):173-86. doi: 10.1007/BF00248291.
This study, together with a parallel study in rats (Markowska et al. 1988), attempted to relate the effects of hippocampal-system damage on similar tasks in both rats and monkeys. Not only were monkeys given a task (Experiment 1) which was of the sort usually used with rats, but in the companion study rats were given tasks (Experiment 2) like those usually used with monkeys. Experiment 1 examined the performance of rhesus monkeys with hippocampal-system damage on a spatial working memory task. Monkeys were trained preoperatively on delayed nonmatching-to-sample in a T-maze, placed into groups matched for their preoperative learning scores, and then received one of three treatments: 1) transection of the fornix; 2) ablation of the cingulate cortex; or 3) a sham operation. Monkeys with fornix transection were severely and significantly impaired, but monkeys with cingulate cortical ablations were not significantly impaired, relative to the controls. The results demonstrate that monkeys with fornix transection are severely impaired on a spatial working memory task requiring locomotion and, taken together with earlier work, suggest that the effect of fornix transection in both rodents and nonhuman primates is at least qualitatively similar (see Markowska et al. 1988). Experiment 2 assessed the role of the fornix and cingulate cortex in three conditional tasks in which the monkeys were provided with various spatial cues to indicate which one of two objects was rewarded. Both experimental groups were unimpaired, relative to the control group, on all three tasks, indicating that fornix transection does not produce a general impairment in place learning.
本研究与一项针对大鼠的平行研究（Markowska等人，1988年）一起，试图探究海马系统损伤对大鼠和猴子类似任务的影响。不仅给猴子安排了一项（实验1）通常用于大鼠的任务，而且在配套研究中，给大鼠安排了类似通常用于猴子的任务（实验2）。实验1考察了海马系统受损的恒河猴在空间工作记忆任务中的表现。猴子在术前接受T形迷宫延迟非匹配样本训练，根据术前学习成绩分组，然后接受三种处理之一：1）穹窿横切；2）扣带回皮质切除；或3）假手术。与对照组相比，穹窿横切的猴子严重受损且差异显著，但扣带回皮质切除的猴子未出现显著受损。结果表明，穹窿横切的猴子在需要移动的空间工作记忆任务中严重受损，结合早期研究，提示穹窿横切在啮齿动物和非人类灵长类动物中的作用至少在质量上是相似的（见Markowska等人，1988年）。实验2评估了穹窿和扣带回皮质在三项条件任务中的作用，在这些任务中，给猴子提供各种空间线索以表明两个物体中的哪一个会得到奖励。相对于对照组，两个实验组在所有三项任务中均未受损，表明穹窿横切不会对位置学习产生普遍损害。
