Nippold M A, Leonard L B, Anastopoulos A
J Speech Hear Res. 1982 Jun;25(2):193-202. doi: 10.1044/jshr.2502.193.
In two experiments, children's use and understanding of polite forms and the relationship these abilities share with an ability to adopt the perspective of another were examined. Development in the understanding of polite forms seemed best characterized as sensitivity to the function of these forms in an increasing number of sentence types. Development in the use of polite forms could be viewed as an increasing tendency to produce more than one polite form in the same utterance and to use a wider variety of interrogative types when expressing politeness. Emergence of the use and understanding of politeness in speech at age 3 seemed related to an emerging ability to adopt the perspective of another. However, development of politeness beyond this age seemed related only to a form of perspective taking in which knowledge of social roles plays a part.
在两项实验中，研究了儿童对礼貌形式的使用和理解，以及这些能力与采取他人视角能力之间的关系。对礼貌形式理解的发展，似乎最能体现为对这些形式在越来越多句子类型中的功能的敏感性。礼貌形式使用的发展，可以看作是在同一话语中使用不止一种礼貌形式的趋势不断增强，以及在表达礼貌时使用更广泛的疑问类型的趋势不断增强。3岁时言语中礼貌的使用和理解的出现，似乎与采取他人视角的新兴能力有关。然而，这个年龄之后礼貌的发展，似乎只与一种社会角色知识起作用的视角采择形式有关。
