Burgess J W
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1982 Jul;17(1):137-40. doi: 10.1016/0091-3057(82)90275-1.
Thirty sibling African jewel fish (Hemichromis bimaculatus) were either chronically exposed to caffeine between 50 to 100 days of age (at a concentration of 14 mg/l) or reared without drug in a control environment. After caffeine was withdrawn, fish in each group were videotaped for 30 minutes while schooling in a large tank. From the video record, mean distances and coefficients of variation of spacing were computed for each fish and its 1st to 9th nearest neighbors in all observations. Spacing distances were nearly identical for the two groups, but the caffeine fish exhibited much more variability in their spacing behavior (p less than 0.00001). This study demonstrates an effect on behavior of moderate caffeine levels present throughout the early developmental period, and illustrates a quantitative method to test for such effects.
30条非洲宝石鱼幼鱼（双斑伴丽鱼），要么在50至100日龄时长期暴露于咖啡因环境中（浓度为14毫克/升），要么在对照环境中不接触药物进行饲养。撤掉咖啡因后，对每组鱼在大水箱中集群游动时进行30分钟的录像。从视频记录中，计算出每组中每条鱼及其第1至第9近邻在所有观察中的平均距离和间距变异系数。两组的间距距离几乎相同，但接触咖啡因的鱼在其间距行为上表现出更大的变异性（p小于0.00001）。本研究证明了在整个早期发育阶段存在的中等咖啡因水平对行为的影响，并说明了一种测试此类影响的定量方法。
