Levine R F, Hazzard K C, Lamberg J D
Blood. 1982 Nov;60(5):1122-31.
Normal guinea pig and human megakaryocytes in suspension were measured with an optical micrometer. The range of megakaryocyte diameters in both species was from 10 to about 65 micrometer. Approximately 20%-25% of megakaryocytes were smaLler than 20 micrometer in diameter and were mostly missed in past studies. However, virtually the entire population of megakaryocytes was larger than all but a very small percent of the other marrow cells. This size range and the existence of a visual threshold size between the megakaryocytes and nonmegakaryocytes were confirmed by flow cytometric analysis of fresh unfixed cells. On human bone marrow smears there was some flattening of all cell types, but the megakaryocytes were consistently at least minimally greater in size than almost all the nonmegakaryocytes. Normal marrow cells greater than 20 micrometer in diameter were always megakaryocytes. Cells 14-20 micrometer were still noticeably larger than the general marrow population; thus easily found, they could be examined for specific morphological criteria. Size, therefore, is a useful first criterion for the identification of megakaryocytes. The larger sizes of megakaryocytes were related to their greater DNA content per cell (polyploidy) compared to nonmegakaryocytes. The relationship between megakaryocyte size, ploidy, and maturation was examined by the simultaneous measurement for the first time of each of these parameters in the same cell. Maturation was quantitated by the new scheme based on the progressive changes in megakaryocytes nuclear configuration. Within each maturation stage the mean cell volume of guinea pig megakaryocytes doubled with each ploidy doubling. Within each ploidy group, the sizes of megakaryocytes increased with maturation stage. However, maturation and polyploidization appear to be linked; the data showed that 80% of the low ploidy (4N-8N) megakaryocytes were immature and that 95% of the platelet-shedding megakaryocytes were 16N-32N.
用光学显微镜测量悬浮状态下的正常豚鼠和人类巨核细胞。这两个物种的巨核细胞直径范围为10至约65微米。约20% - 25%的巨核细胞直径小于20微米，在过去的研究中大多被遗漏。然而，实际上几乎所有巨核细胞都比除极少数其他骨髓细胞外的所有细胞都大。通过对新鲜未固定细胞的流式细胞术分析，证实了这个大小范围以及巨核细胞与非巨核细胞之间存在视觉阈值大小。在人类骨髓涂片上，所有细胞类型都有一定程度的扁平，但巨核细胞的大小始终至少比几乎所有非巨核细胞略大。直径大于20微米的正常骨髓细胞总是巨核细胞。14 - 20微米的细胞仍明显大于一般骨髓细胞群体；因此很容易找到，可以根据特定形态标准进行检查。所以，大小是识别巨核细胞的一个有用的首要标准。与非巨核细胞相比，巨核细胞较大的尺寸与其每个细胞更高的DNA含量（多倍体）有关。通过首次在同一细胞中同时测量这些参数，研究了巨核细胞大小、多倍体和成熟之间的关系。成熟度通过基于巨核细胞核形态逐渐变化的新方案进行定量。在每个成熟阶段，豚鼠巨核细胞的平均细胞体积随着每个多倍体加倍而加倍。在每个多倍体组内，巨核细胞的大小随着成熟阶段增加。然而，成熟和多倍体化似乎是相关联的；数据显示，80%的低倍体（4N - 8N）巨核细胞未成熟，而95%正在释放血小板的巨核细胞是16N - 32N。
