Oh S, Ruedi M
Int J Sports Med. 1982 Aug;3(3):169-73. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1026083.
During the last seven skiing season, 57 patients were treated surgically for head injuries caused by skiing accidents. A typical type of injury was observed, namely the "depressed fracture" in 84% of the cases, accompanied by brain contusions or hematomas. The mechanism of the accidents was analyzed. A depressed fracture is caused by direct local force application, often as the result of high or not properly adjusted speed. Through this impressive observation of depressed fracture with or without brain damage, experimental impact mechanisms of human skull depressed fractures were studied. In the present study, a tolerance threshold of about 1 to 2 kN (can be compared to an impact of about 16 km/h) was observed for a depressed fracture in the temporal region, which often is the area of severe damage in skiing. This clinical and experimental examination should aid in preventing head injuries in skiing accidents because head injuries are mostly the result of depressed fractures, accompanied by brain contusions or hematomas. From these analyses, it can be shown that the wearing of helmets is in fact an effective possibility for the prevention of head accidents in skiing. It should be recommended particularly for children and young people.
在过去的七个滑雪季节里，有57名患者因滑雪事故导致头部受伤而接受了外科治疗。观察到一种典型的损伤类型，即在84%的病例中出现了“凹陷性骨折”，并伴有脑挫伤或血肿。对事故机制进行了分析。凹陷性骨折是由局部直接受力造成的，通常是速度过高或调整不当所致。通过对有或无脑损伤的凹陷性骨折的这一令人印象深刻的观察，研究了人类颅骨凹陷性骨折的实验撞击机制。在本研究中，观察到颞部区域凹陷性骨折的耐受阈值约为1至2千牛（可与约16公里/小时的撞击速度相比较），而颞部区域在滑雪时往往是严重损伤的部位。这种临床和实验检查应有助于预防滑雪事故中的头部损伤，因为头部损伤大多是由凹陷性骨折导致的，并伴有脑挫伤或血肿。从这些分析可以看出，佩戴头盔实际上是预防滑雪时头部事故的一种有效方法。尤其应该向儿童和年轻人推荐佩戴头盔。
