Saper C B
J Comp Neurol. 1982 Sep 10;210(2):163-73. doi: 10.1002/cne.902100207.
The connections of the insular cortex in the rat were studied by using the anterograde and retrograde transport of wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated-horseradish peroxidase. Both anterograde and retrograde transport were seen in the ipsilateral lateral frontal, infralimbic, piriform, and perirhinal cortical areas and in the contralateral insular cortex. In the thalamus, both types of labeling were seen in the mediodorsal and ventroposteromedial parvocellular nuclei; primarily retrograde labeling was seen in the centromedial and paracentral nuclei. In the basal forebrain, anterograde labeling was seen in the lateral part of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and in the central nucleus of the amygdala, while retrogradely labeled neurons were found in the magnocellular basal nucleus and in the lateral and the basolateral amygdaloid nuclei. Both types of labeling were seen in the posterior lateral hypothalamic area; the tuberomammillary nucleus contained retrogradely labeled neurons bilaterally. In the midbrain, retrogradely labeled neurons were found in the ventral tegmental area and in the dorsal and superior central raphe nuclei. In the pons, both retrogradely and anterogradely transported label was seen bilaterally in the parabrachial nucleus, primarily in the ventromedial caudal part of the medial subnucleus. Retrogradely labeled neurons were found bilaterally in the locus coeruleus. Anterograde transport was followed into the medulla, bilaterally but more heavily in the contralateral side. Labeled axons appeared to terminate in a topographic pattern in the nucleus of the solitary tract. These results indicate that the insular cortex of the rat is an important part of the highly interconnected central autonomic system. Furthermore, the autonomic representation in the insular cortex may be organized in a viscerotopic manner. The insular cortex also has connections with the limbic system and with the lateral frontal cortical system. Although it is not yet clear whether these connections converge upon the same neurons within the insular cortex, earlier physiological data suggest that each of the diverse systems of connections of this area receives relayed vagal inputs. The insular cortex of the rat may contain a primary cortical visceral representation, and its connections may underlie autonomic integration with behavioral and emotional events.
运用小麦胚凝集素结合辣根过氧化物酶的顺行和逆行运输法，对大鼠脑岛皮质的连接进行了研究。顺行和逆行运输均见于同侧的外侧额叶、边缘下、梨状和嗅周皮质区以及对侧的脑岛皮质。在丘脑，两种标记均见于背内侧核和腹后内侧小细胞核；主要在中央内侧核和中央旁核见到逆行标记。在基底前脑，顺行标记见于终纹床核外侧部和杏仁核中央核，而逆行标记神经元见于大细胞基底核以及杏仁外侧核和基底外侧核。在外侧下丘脑后区见到两种标记；结节乳头体核双侧均有逆行标记神经元。在中脑，在腹侧被盖区以及背侧和中央上缝际核发现逆行标记神经元。在脑桥，双侧臂旁核均可见到逆行和顺行运输标记，主要在内侧亚核的腹内侧尾部。双侧蓝斑均有逆行标记神经元。顺行运输可追踪至延髓，双侧均有但对侧更明显。标记轴突似乎以拓扑模式终止于孤束核。这些结果表明大鼠的脑岛皮质是高度相互连接的中枢自主神经系统的重要组成部分。此外，脑岛皮质中的自主神经表征可能以内脏定位方式组织起来。脑岛皮质还与边缘系统和外侧额叶皮质系统有连接。虽然尚不清楚这些连接是否汇聚于脑岛皮质内的同一神经元，但早期生理学数据表明该区域不同连接系统中的每一个都接受迷走神经传入的中继。大鼠脑岛皮质可能包含一个初级皮质内脏表征，其连接可能是自主神经与行为和情感事件整合的基础。
