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[铸铁厂气锤操作工的振动危害。第2部分。卫生控制结果]

[On vibration hazards of chipping-hammer operators in an iron foundry. Part 2. Results of the hygienic control].

作者信息

Harada N, Matsumoto T, Yamada S, Kobayashi F

出版信息

Sangyo Igaku. 1982 Jan;24(1):75-84. doi: 10.1539/joh1959.24.75.

Abstract

We previously reported that the working and health conditions of vibrating tool operators in an iron foundry were investigated in 1975 and vibration hazards were observed to occur frequently in workers operating chipping-hammers powered by compressed air. After that, we instituted medical treatment for the afflicted workers and improvement of working conditions in the foundry, and have performed annual medical examinations for four years. In this paper, the course of hygienic control and the change in the medical findings of twenty-four chipping-hammer operators are reported. 1. The following measures were taken to improve the working conditions of chipping-hammer operators and therapy for patients (Table 1): (1) The operating time of vibrating tools, including chipping-hammer, was limited to two hours per day. The casting process was improved to diminish the flashes that are the objects of chipping-hammer operation. For the purpose of reducing the vibration transmitted to the operator, a servo-arm that has a servomechanism for the chipping-hammer was developed and introduced. (2) Infrared lamps in the foundry and air curtains at the doorway were installed for keeping the chipping-hammer operating area warm. A warm room was set up in the foundry for providing warmth during rest periods and protective clothing against the cold was provided. (3) Workers who displayed health disturbances by medical examinations were treated during the cold season from November to April by periodic visits to the clinic or extended hospitalization, or transferred to job without vibration exposure, according to their stage of disease. Preventive treatment with vasodilator and bubble bath was performed in winter for the chipping-hammer operators. 2. In order to estimate the effect of these countermeasures, annual medical examinations were conducted in March 1975, March 1976, April 1977 and March 1978. Such subjective symptoms as Raynaud's phenomenon, finger numbness, finger listlessness, heavy-headedness, forgetfulness, irritability and hearing disorder showed a tendency for improvement, but other complaints did not (Tables 2-4). The improvement of Raynaud's phenomenon is considered to be due not merely to the countermeasures but also to reducing the chance of provocation and therefore the countermeasures should not be overestimated as a factor of recovery of vibration hazards. Of the functional tests, a tendency for improvement was recognized in sensory functions and peripheral circulatory functions, but not in motor functions (Tables 5, 6). However, the course of recovery was not fast and some advanced cases, especially those using chipping-hammers for more than ten years, showed less improvement after hospital treatment (Table 7, Fig. 1). This indicates the importance of hygienic control which enables vibration hazards patients to have early diagnosis and treatment. Furthermore, in order to eradicate the vibration hazards in the cast metal industry, a drastic reform of the finishing process is considered to be necessary.

摘要

我们之前报道过,1975年对一家铸铁厂中振动工具操作员的工作和健康状况进行了调查,发现使用压缩空气驱动的凿锤的工人中振动危害频繁发生。此后,我们对患病工人进行了治疗,并改善了铸造厂的工作条件,且连续四年进行了年度体检。本文报告了24名凿锤操作员的卫生控制过程及医学检查结果的变化。1. 采取了以下措施来改善凿锤操作员的工作条件并对患者进行治疗(表1):(1)包括凿锤在内的振动工具的操作时间限制为每天两小时。改进了铸造工艺以减少作为凿锤操作对象的飞边。为了减少传递给操作员的振动,开发并引入了一种带有用于凿锤的伺服机构的伺服臂。(2)在铸造厂安装了红外线灯,并在门口设置了气幕,以保持凿锤操作区域温暖。在铸造厂设立了一个暖房,以便在休息期间提供温暖,并提供了防寒防护服。(3)经医学检查显示有健康问题的工人,在11月至4月的寒冷季节,根据其疾病阶段,通过定期到诊所就诊、延长住院时间或调至无振动暴露的工作岗位进行治疗。冬季对凿锤操作员进行了血管扩张剂和泡泡浴的预防性治疗。2. 为了评估这些对策的效果,分别于1975年3月、1976年3月、1977年4月和1978年3月进行了年度体检。诸如雷诺现象、手指麻木、手指无力、头晕、健忘、易怒和听力障碍等主观症状有改善的趋势,但其他不适症状则没有(表2 - 4)。雷诺现象的改善被认为不仅归因于对策,还归因于减少了诱发机会,因此不应高估这些对策作为振动危害恢复因素的作用。在功能测试中,感觉功能和外周循环功能有改善的趋势,但运动功能没有(表5、6)。然而,恢复过程并不快,一些病情较重的病例,尤其是那些使用凿锤超过十年的病例,住院治疗后的改善较小(表7,图1)。这表明卫生控制的重要性,它能使振动危害患者得到早期诊断和治疗。此外,为了根除铸造金属行业中的振动危害,认为有必要对精加工工艺进行彻底改革。

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