Bucher R E, Costa D G
Acta Psiquiatr Psicol Am Lat. 1982 Jun;28(2):129-42.
Psycho-oncology is a relatively new field in the investigation of cancer, although it represents a rather old concern. Those studies in the Literature which contribute to the understanding of the etiology of cancer are discussed. Papers on its treatment are not included. The investigation of psychosocial and personality factors which may influence cancer pathogenesis is exceedingly difficult due to the complexity of this phenomenon, whose morbid entity has been questioned. Most authors consider it a multi-dimensional process. Also, several methodological aspects are discussed. Numerous studies have revealed some interesting results, although these are far from complete. This makes it still impossible to draw definite causal relation. Aspects such as family and individual constellations of factors which appear to predispose to cancer appear as important. Concerning breast carcinomas, a triad of relevant traits have been identified: depressive-masochistic structure, ambivalent or negative attitude toward femininity, and chronic psychic stress. This is a promising start, despite the fact that these traits are quite general. It is hoped that further investigations may throw more light on the pathogenesis of cancer, allowing a clearer definition of preventive and therapeutic measures, both more effective and humane.
心理肿瘤学是癌症研究中一个相对较新的领域，尽管它代表了一个相当古老的关注点。本文讨论了文献中有助于理解癌症病因的那些研究。关于癌症治疗的论文不包括在内。由于这一现象的复杂性，其病态实体也受到质疑，因此研究可能影响癌症发病机制的心理社会和人格因素极具难度。大多数作者认为这是一个多维度的过程。此外，还讨论了几个方法学方面的问题。众多研究已经揭示了一些有趣的结果，尽管这些结果还远不完整。这使得仍然无法得出明确的因果关系。诸如家庭和个体因素组合等似乎易患癌症的因素显得很重要。关于乳腺癌，已经确定了一组相关特征：抑郁 - 受虐结构、对女性气质的矛盾或消极态度以及慢性心理压力。尽管这些特征相当普遍，但这是一个有前景的开端。希望进一步的研究能够更清楚地阐明癌症的发病机制，从而更明确地界定预防和治疗措施，使其更有效且更人道。
