Durnin J V
Ann Clin Res. 1982;14 Suppl 34:6-11.
The low daily energy consumption of the average adult in the developed countries may be increased in certain individuals either because of the occupation or by voluntary activity in leisure. Jogging is one example of this. However, we have little objective information on activity within the population and epidemiologically this is a serious deficiency. There is a need for not only quantitative data on duration of activity but also its level of strenuousness. On the other hand, depending on the purpose of the measurement, it may not often be necessary actually to measure energy expenditure--heart rate measurement or energy values taken from published tables may be adequate. Indeed, energy expenditure or VO2 may not only be unnecessary but even misleading in some cases. When knowledge of energy consumption is required, (for example, in specialized biochemical or in nutritional studies) heart rates will not usually give an accurate enough prediction and oxygen uptake has to be measured. This has to be converted to energy units either by using the RQ or Weir's (1949) formula. Errors of up to +/- 10% may be common here, especially in short-term measurements in exercise. Weir's formula is more likely to lead to larger error and perhaps should be superceded.
发达国家中普通成年人每日较低的能量消耗，在某些个体中可能会因职业原因或休闲时的自主活动而增加。慢跑就是一个例子。然而，我们几乎没有关于人群活动的客观信息，从流行病学角度来看，这是一个严重的缺陷。不仅需要关于活动时长的定量数据，还需要其剧烈程度的数据。另一方面，根据测量目的，实际上可能并不总是需要测量能量消耗——心率测量或从已发表表格中获取的能量值可能就足够了。事实上，能量消耗或耗氧量在某些情况下不仅不必要，甚至可能产生误导。当需要了解能量消耗情况时（例如，在专业生化或营养研究中），心率通常无法给出足够准确的预测，必须测量摄氧量。这必须通过使用呼吸商（RQ）或韦尔（1949年）公式转换为能量单位。这里高达±10%的误差可能很常见，尤其是在运动的短期测量中。韦尔公式更有可能导致较大误差，也许应该被取代。
