Beral V
Lancet. 1977 Oct 8;2(8041):727-31.
In a large prospective study carried out in the United Kingdom, the death-rate from diseases of the circulatory system in women who had used oral contraceptives was five times that of controls who had never used them; and the death-rate in those who had taken the pill continuously for 5 years or more was ten times that of the controls. The excess deaths in oral-contraceptive users were due to a wide range of vascular conditions. The total mortality-rate in women who had ever used the pill was increased by 40%, and this was due to an increase in deaths from circulatory diseases of 1 per 5000 ever-users per year. The excess was substantially greater than the death-rate from complications of pregnancy in the controls, and was double the death-rate from accidents. The excess mortality-rate increased with age, cigarette smoking, and duration of oral contraceptive use.
在英国进行的一项大型前瞻性研究中，使用口服避孕药的女性患循环系统疾病的死亡率是从未使用过口服避孕药的对照组女性的五倍；连续服用避孕药5年或更长时间的女性的死亡率是对照组的十倍。口服避孕药使用者的额外死亡是由多种血管疾病导致的。曾经使用过避孕药的女性的总死亡率增加了40%，这是由于每5000名曾经使用过避孕药的女性中，每年因循环系统疾病死亡的人数增加了1人。这一额外死亡率大大高于对照组中因妊娠并发症导致的死亡率，是意外事故死亡率的两倍。额外死亡率随着年龄、吸烟情况以及口服避孕药使用时间的增加而上升。
