Hershenson M
Percept Mot Skills. 1982 Oct;55(2):635-47. doi: 10.2466/pms.1982.55.2.635.
Hershenson reported in 1980 that accuracy for identifying letters from seven-letter strings was not affected by the orthographic regularity or the lexical status of the strings when the letter to be reported was indicated by a vertical bar marker that appeared simultaneously with the string or immediately after it. Since the initial visual representation begins to fade soon after stimulus offset and lasts for about 250 msec., stimulus structure may affect the extraction and storage processes necessary to produce a correct response if the indicator is delayed. Two experiments explored this region by sampling seven retinal locations within the central 2.6 degrees of the visual field. The indicator was delayed for 100, 200, and 300 msec. in Exp. 1 and 0, 25, 50, and 75 msec. in Exp. 2. Stimulus structure did not affect accuracy of identification when subjects were equally familiar with the letter strings (memorization group) but had a strong effect for the group instructed to guess (forced-guess group). The group unfamiliar with the strings but instructed not to guess (no-guess group) showed effects of stimulus structure only at delays of the indicator longer than 100 msec. These data support a model of visual processing that includes an initial representation unaffected by orthographic regularity or lexical status, variables that determine the availability of information only when it must be retained before it is used.
赫申森在1980年报告称，当要报告的字母由与字符串同时出现或在其之后立即出现的垂直条标记指示时，从七个字母的字符串中识别字母的准确性不受字符串的正字法规律性或词汇状态的影响。由于初始视觉表征在刺激消失后很快就开始消退，并持续约250毫秒，如果指示延迟，刺激结构可能会影响产生正确反应所需的提取和存储过程。两项实验通过在视野中心2.6度范围内对七个视网膜位置进行采样来探索这一区域。在实验1中，指示延迟100、200和300毫秒，在实验2中，指示延迟0、25、50和75毫秒。当受试者对字母字符串同样熟悉时（记忆组），刺激结构不影响识别准确性，但对被指示猜测的组（强制猜测组）有很大影响。不熟悉字符串但被指示不猜测的组（不猜测组）仅在指示延迟超过100毫秒时表现出刺激结构的影响。这些数据支持一种视觉处理模型，该模型包括一个不受正字法规律性或词汇状态影响的初始表征，这些变量仅在信息必须在使用前被保留时才决定信息的可用性。
