Brainin M, Presslich O, Eichberger G, Friedmann A, Marksteiner A, Maida E
Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 1982 Dec;50(12):387-95. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1002280.
In 13 cases referred to psychiatric treatment between 1974 and 1980 acute viral encephalitis was diagnosed in the further course of the illness. The majority were female patients. Positive virological or pathological evidence was obtained in 38% of all cases. The most frequent etiology to be found was the herpes-simplex virus. These findings correspond to 36 cases from the literature. 90% of all cases showed neurological symptoms within two weeks of hospital admission. EEG and cerebrospinal fluid examinations proved to yield most in diagnosis, whereas angiography and brain scanning did not have special diagnostic importance. The present diagnostic value of CT is mainly restricted to the detection of herpes-simplex virus encephalitis and acute leukoencephalitis. Initially psychopathological findings varied largely and fluctuations in the level of consciousness were a prominent feature in most cases. In others no difference to schizophrenic psychosis could be noted on admission. Compared to other studies on acute viral encephalitis with initial neurological symptoms, patients with a psychotic onset of the illness tend to have a higher morbidity, while the mortality remains the same.
在1974年至1980年间接受精神科治疗的13例患者中，在疾病的后续过程中诊断出急性病毒性脑炎。大多数为女性患者。在所有病例中，38%获得了病毒学或病理学的阳性证据。最常见的病因是单纯疱疹病毒。这些发现与文献中的36例病例相符。所有病例的90%在入院两周内出现神经症状。脑电图和脑脊液检查在诊断中作用最大，而血管造影和脑部扫描没有特殊的诊断意义。CT目前的诊断价值主要限于单纯疱疹病毒性脑炎和急性白质脑炎的检测。最初的精神病理学表现差异很大，意识水平波动在大多数病例中是一个突出特征。在其他病例中，入院时与精神分裂症性精神病没有区别。与其他关于以初始神经症状为表现的急性病毒性脑炎的研究相比，以精神病发作为起病表现的患者发病率往往较高，而死亡率相同。
