Milunsky A
Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 1982 Dec;3(4):329-34. doi: 10.1097/00000433-198212000-00009.
In western society, congenital malformations and genetic disorders have assumed much greater importance as causes of early morbidity and mortality, with the waning of infectious diseases. The personal and societal burden arising as a consequence is an important public health problem. Approximately 25-30% of admissions to major childrens' hospitals in the western hemisphere are for children with one of these disorders. About 3-4% of all births are associated with a major congenital malformation, genetic disorder, or mental retardation. For congenital malformations and mental retardation in particular, the causes may not be discernible in about two-thirds of cases. Clearly defined or suspected genetic origins have been delineated in almost 3,000 catalogued disorders, and many are thought to occur as a consequence of environmental/genetic interaction. The purpose of this paper is to provide some perspective on the influence of environmental factors in the etiology of congenital malformations.
在西方社会，随着传染病的减少，先天性畸形和遗传疾病作为早期发病和死亡原因已变得越发重要。由此产生的个人和社会负担是一个重要的公共卫生问题。在西半球，约25% - 30%入住大型儿童医院的儿童患有这些疾病中的一种。所有出生婴儿中约3% - 4%与严重先天性畸形、遗传疾病或智力迟钝有关。特别是对于先天性畸形和智力迟钝，约三分之二的病例可能无法查明病因。在近3000种已编目的疾病中已明确界定或怀疑有遗传起源，并且许多被认为是环境/基因相互作用的结果。本文旨在就环境因素在先天性畸形病因学中的影响提供一些观点。
