Andreasen N C, Olsen S
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1982 Jul;39(7):789-94. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1982.04290070025006.
We developed criteria for dividing the schizophrenic syndrome into three subtypes: positive, negative, and mixed schizophrenia. Positive schizophrenia is characterized by prominent delusions, hallucinations, positive formal thought disorder, and persistently bizarre behavior; negative schizophrenia, by affective flattening, alogia, avolition, anhedonia, and attentional impairment. In mixed schizophrenia either both negative and positive symptoms are prominent, or neither is prominent. We explored the validity of these criteria in a variety of ways. Significant differences between the three types were noted using external validators such as premorbid adjustment, indices of cognitive dysfunction, ventricular brain ratio, and course in hospital. The correlational structure of the symptom complexes also provided further support for our approach to subtyping.
阳性、阴性和混合型精神分裂症。阳性精神分裂症的特征是突出的妄想、幻觉、阳性形式思维障碍和持续怪异的行为；阴性精神分裂症的特征是情感平淡、言语减少、意志缺乏、快感缺失和注意力损害。在混合型精神分裂症中，阴性和阳性症状要么都很突出，要么都不突出。我们通过多种方式探讨了这些标准的有效性。使用诸如病前适应、认知功能障碍指标、脑室脑比率和住院病程等外部验证指标，发现三种类型之间存在显著差异。症状复合体的相关结构也为我们的亚型分类方法提供了进一步的支持。
