Miichi H, Nagataki S
Jpn J Ophthalmol. 1982;26(4):425-36.
The aqueous humor formation rate was determined in the anesthetized rabbit with a tracer dilution technique. The anterior chamber was cannulated with two 25-gauge needles: one was inserted into the posterior chamber through the pupil and the other was placed in the anterior chamber near the iridocorneal angle. Fluorescein-dextran solution was infused into the posterior chamber at a constant rate and the aqueous humor was collected through the anterior chamber needle. The aqueous humor formation rate and the volume of dye distribution were calculated simultaneously from the dye dilution curve. Utilizing this technique, the effects of the following substances on aqueous humor formation were studied following topical administration to the conjunctival reservoir: cholinomimetic drugs, pilocarpine and physostigmine; the parasympatholytic drug, atropine; adrenoceptor agonists, norepinephrine, epinephrine, isoproterenol and salbutamol; and beta-adrenoceptor antagonists, timolol and propranolol. Cholinomimetic drugs, i.e., pilocarpine 0.1 mg ml-1 to 10 mg ml-1 and physostigmine 1 mg ml-1, increased the aqueous humor formation rate, while atropine 1 mg ml-1 decreased the rate. The increase in aqueous humor formation by the cholinomimetics was completely antagonized with simultaneous administration of atropine. Norepinephrine 5 mg ml-1 and epinephrine 5 mg ml-1 reduced significantly both the aqueous humor formation rate and intraocular pressure (IOP). Isoproterenol 5 mg ml-1 caused a significant lowering of the blood pressure and IOP and tended to lower aqueous humor formation, although the decrease was not statistically significant. No significant effect on the blood pressure, IOP or aqueous humor formation was observed with isoproterenol 2 mg ml-1. Salbutamol 5 mg ml-1 raised the IOP while timolol 1 mg ml-1 lowered the IOP without any significant change in aqueous humor formation or blood pressure. Timolol 0.5 mg ml-1 or propranolol 5 mg ml-1 did not cause a significant effect on the blood pressure, IOP or aqueous humor formation rate.
采用示踪剂稀释技术测定麻醉兔的房水生成率。用两根25号针头穿刺前房：一根通过瞳孔插入后房，另一根置于虹膜角膜角附近的前房。以恒定速率将荧光素 - 葡聚糖溶液注入后房，并通过前房针头收集房水。根据染料稀释曲线同时计算房水生成率和染料分布体积。利用该技术，在向结膜囊局部给药后，研究了以下物质对房水生成的影响：拟胆碱药毛果芸香碱和毒扁豆碱；抗胆碱药阿托品；肾上腺素能受体激动剂去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素、异丙肾上腺素和沙丁胺醇；以及β肾上腺素能受体拮抗剂噻吗洛尔和普萘洛尔。拟胆碱药，即0.1mg/ml至10mg/ml的毛果芸香碱和1mg/ml的毒扁豆碱，可提高房水生成率，而1mg/ml的阿托品则降低房水生成率。拟胆碱药引起的房水生成增加可被同时给予的阿托品完全拮抗。5mg/ml的去甲肾上腺素和5mg/ml的肾上腺素均显著降低房水生成率和眼压（IOP）。5mg/ml的异丙肾上腺素可显著降低血压和眼压，并倾向于降低房水生成，尽管这种降低在统计学上不显著。2mg/ml的异丙肾上腺素对血压、眼压或房水生成无显著影响。5mg/ml的沙丁胺醇可升高眼压，而1mg/ml的噻吗洛尔可降低眼压，房水生成或血压无任何显著变化。0.5mg/ml的噻吗洛尔或5mg/ml的普萘洛尔对血压、眼压或房水生成率无显著影响。
