Denno D, Meijs B, Nachshon I, Aurand S
Int J Neurosci. 1982 May;16(3-4):159-72. doi: 10.3109/00207458209147143.
Six scales of early cognitive functioning were administered at three times (eight months, four and seven years) to 3013 black and white, male and female children. Hypotheses addressed the nature and extent of longitudinal sex differences in cognitive abilities among racial groups varying in physical maturation. Controlling for selected socioeconomic influences, a slight sex by race interaction was found at four and seven years. Generally, white females scored somewhat lower on cognitive tests than white males, whereas black females scored equivalently or somewhat higher than black males. Test score differences among the four sex and race groups were more apparent in seven-year spatial abilities relative to verbal abilities. Findings are discussed in terms of possible maturational and environmental influences on cognitive abilities among different sex and race groups.
对3013名黑人和白人、男性和女性儿童在三个时间点（八个月、四岁和七岁）进行了六种早期认知功能量表的测试。研究假设探讨了身体成熟程度不同的种族群体中认知能力纵向性别差异的性质和程度。在控制了选定的社会经济影响因素后，发现在四岁和七岁时存在轻微的性别与种族交互作用。一般来说，白人女性在认知测试中的得分略低于白人男性，而黑人女性的得分与黑人男性相当或略高。相对于语言能力，四个性别和种族组之间的测试分数差异在七岁时的空间能力方面更为明显。根据不同性别和种族群体认知能力可能受到的成熟和环境影响对研究结果进行了讨论。
