Bol'shakov O P, Kazak V L, Il'inskaia T A
Arkh Anat Gistol Embriol. 1982 Sep;83(9):18-24.
In order to reveal certain quantitative criteria on the skull basis deformities resulting from an injuring agent effect, an experimental investigation has been performed using the holographic interferometry method. Interferograms are registrated according to the scheme offered by Yu. N. Denisyuk at a gradual mechanical loading of the skull by means of a special device. A complicated picture of the skull basis deformity has been revealed under the effect of a successively increasing loading. When the external loading is comparatively small, a slight deformity of some bones appears and their dislocations regarding each other are distinctly seen. When the loading is as great as 90 kg (900 N), the mutual dislocation of the bones is stopped and a solid formation is resulted. If the loading is further increased, the curve of the whole skull basis is produced along the line passing through the foramen occipitale magnum region. The phenomena described correspond to an elastic skull deformity. Cracks and fractures begin forming when the resources of the mutual dislocation of the osseous fragments and the elastic deformity of separate bones are completely exhausted (in the experiments performed--at the loadings of 100 kg, that is 1,000 N and more). The greatest strain is observed in the area of the Turkish saddle, wings of the os sphenoidal, apices of the tample bone pyramids, that corresponds to clinical data on localization of fractures.
为了揭示因致伤因素作用导致的颅底畸形的某些定量标准，已使用全息干涉测量法进行了实验研究。根据 Yu. N. 杰尼修克提出的方案，借助特殊装置对颅骨进行逐步机械加载时记录干涉图。在逐渐增加的载荷作用下，揭示了颅底畸形的复杂情况。当外部载荷相对较小时，一些骨骼出现轻微畸形，并且它们相互之间的错位清晰可见。当载荷达到 90 千克（900 牛）时，骨骼的相互错位停止并形成坚固结构。如果载荷进一步增加，整个颅底会沿着穿过枕骨大孔区域的线产生弯曲。所描述的现象对应于颅骨的弹性变形。当骨碎片相互错位以及单个骨骼的弹性变形的能力完全耗尽时（在进行的实验中，载荷为 100 千克，即 1000 牛及以上），开始形成裂缝和骨折。在蝶鞍区域、蝶骨翼、颞骨锥体尖端观察到最大应变，这与骨折定位的临床数据相符。
