Bergogne-Berezin E
Biomed Pharmacother. 1982;36(8-9):393-5.
Antibiotics account for a large proportion of pharmaceutical consumption in France and in the world. Forty years after penicillin was introduced in antimicrobial therapy, the antibiotics constitute the first pharmaceutical class in the world (gross production) with beta-lactam antibiotics at the top. The sociological and economical consequences of their development are considerable: decrease in death-rates in childhood, tuberculosis healing, life lengthening, etc.: the consequences of these improvements on health organisation and structures are difficult to evaluate in terms of economics. The drawbacks of the development of antibiotic therapy besides side-effects or toxicity, are the emergence of resistant strains as a consequence of selective pressure due to uncontrolled use of antibiotics; the expenses increase in hospitals in relation to indiscriminate use of chemotherapeutic agents. For an optimal antibiotic therapy, a rational prescription of antibiotics and a control of appropriate antibiotic usage should be developed. However, the therapeutic efficacy and patients' cure constitute the main objective of an optimal antibiotic therapy.
抗生素在法国乃至全球的药品消费中占很大比例。在青霉素被引入抗菌治疗40年后，抗生素成为全球第一大类药品（总产量），其中β-内酰胺类抗生素位居榜首。其发展所带来的社会学和经济后果相当显著：儿童死亡率下降、结核病治愈、寿命延长等。然而，这些健康改善对卫生组织和结构的影响在经济方面难以评估。除了副作用或毒性外，抗生素治疗发展的弊端还包括：由于抗生素的无节制使用导致选择性压力，从而出现耐药菌株；因不加区分地使用化疗药物，医院费用增加。为了实现最佳的抗生素治疗，应制定合理的抗生素处方并控制抗生素的合理使用。然而，治疗效果和患者治愈是最佳抗生素治疗的主要目标。
