Long-term follow-up (3-4 years) of treatment for smoking reduction.

The present paper reports the 3- and 4-year follow-ups of two smoking reduction clinics (n = 103) employing a comprehensive, non-aversive, behavioral treatment using stimulus control and self-control techniques. Most of the data were gathered via phone contact, while some clients were interviewed in person with corroborative carbon monoxide measurements taken at that time. While the general findings were similar to those reported for other long-term follow-ups of smoking programs, unlike earlier reports, the overwhelming majority of subjects were contacted (an average of 90% for all follow-up periods). The average percentage of baseline for smoking subjects was equal to 56% and average percentage abstinent equal to 24% at final follow-up. Data are also presented which suggest greater attention be paid to the potential efficacy of controlled smoking when assessing the effectiveness of smoking reduction programs.