Frederick K A, Babish J G
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1982 Dec;2(4):308-22. doi: 10.1016/0273-2300(82)90004-6.
The ubiquitous use of sodium azide has resulted in widespread occupational exposure to it in both laboratory and industrial settings, despite a lack of knowledge of the risks which may be involved. Explosive, toxic, and mutagenic hazards have been shown at even low-dose exposures. These effects occur in many species, from cellular damage through pathology of whole systems, and human fatalities have been reported. The advantages to its availability for applicable uses precludes reaching a "no exposure" level, but efforts to decrease unnecessary exposure can reduce its risk; therefore a quantitative procedure for determining human exposure is necessary. However, for various reasons present methods for this type of evaluation of azide are unsatisfactory, and minimizing hazard is dependent upon good laboratory hygiene and motivated personnel. The increasing use of azide and proportionally increasing occupational and accidental exposure in the future warrants the undertaking of chronic exposure studies, which hopefully will result in more explicit guidelines for human protection.
叠氮化钠的广泛使用导致在实验室和工业环境中，人们普遍职业性接触到它，尽管对其中可能涉及的风险了解不足。即使在低剂量接触时，也已显示出爆炸、有毒和致突变危害。这些影响在许多物种中都有发生，从细胞损伤到整个系统的病变，并且已有人类死亡的报告。其在适用用途上的可得性优势使得无法达到“无接触”水平，但减少不必要接触的努力可以降低其风险；因此，需要一种确定人体接触量的定量方法。然而，由于各种原因，目前用于此类叠氮化物评估的方法并不令人满意，将危害降至最低取决于良好的实验室卫生条件和积极主动的工作人员。未来叠氮化物使用的增加以及相应增加的职业性和意外接触，使得开展慢性接触研究成为必要，有望由此产生更明确的人体保护指南。
