Shoemaker W C
Clin Lab Med. 1982 Mar;2(1):35-63.
Experimental and clinical aspects of fluid management problems are reviewed; clinical and physiological criteria for efficacy of various plasma expanders are evaluated. Reduced extracellular water is considered the primary defect of shock by those favoring the use of crystalloids, but hypovolemia is regarded as primary by those favoring the use of colloids. The immediate direct effects of various agents in critically ill patients are evaluated using physiologic criteria associated with survival from life-threatening postoperative illness. In general, colloids improved hemodynamic and oxygen transport, while sodium-rich crystalloids increased arterial pressure and peripheral resistance, but not flow and oxygen transport. Indications for various agents and protocols (clinical algorithms) for resuscitation and critical illness are proposed.
回顾了液体管理问题的实验和临床方面；评估了各种血浆扩容剂疗效的临床和生理标准。支持使用晶体液的人认为细胞外液减少是休克的主要缺陷，但支持使用胶体液的人则认为血容量不足是主要缺陷。使用与危及生命的术后疾病存活相关的生理标准，评估了各种药物对重症患者的直接即时影响。一般来说，胶体液改善了血流动力学和氧运输，而富含钠的晶体液增加了动脉压和外周阻力，但没有增加血流量和氧运输。提出了各种药物的适应症以及复苏和危重病的方案（临床算法）。
