Cook M, Hine T, Williamson A
Perception. 1982;11(6):677-84. doi: 10.1068/p110677.
The perception of three-dimensional attributes of solid objects by twelve-week-old infants was studied. In the first experiment the rates of habituation of fixation to a cube in a fixed orientation, to one which changed in orientation between presentations, and to a sequence of photographs of cubes in different orientations were determined. Habituation rate was also determined for a photograph of a cube in a fixed orientation. No difference was found between the initial fixation times for solids and photographs, or between the habituation curves for the solids in fixed and varying orientation. For the photographs habituation was much greater for the fixed orientation than the varying orientation condition. These data were interpreted as providing strong evidence that the infants were responding to the stimuli on the basis of their three-dimensional attributes. In the second experiment the same discriminations were examined by a recovery-from-habituation technique. One group was habituated to a cube in a fixed orientation and tested for recovery of fixation to a new orientation. A second group was habituated to a photograph of a cube in a single orientation and tested for recovery to a photograph of a new orientation. Both groups showed recovery and the recovery was the same for both conditions. These data demonstrated that the subjects were, after all, capable of discriminating between different orientations of a solid cube, and they provided no further evidence that the infants were perceiving three-dimensional attributes of the stimuli.
对12周大婴儿对固体物体三维属性的感知进行了研究。在第一个实验中，测定了婴儿对固定方向的立方体、每次呈现时方向变化的立方体以及不同方向立方体照片序列的注视习惯化速率。还测定了固定方向立方体照片的习惯化速率。在对固体和照片的初始注视时间之间，以及固定方向和变化方向固体的习惯化曲线之间均未发现差异。对于照片，固定方向的习惯化程度远高于变化方向的情况。这些数据被解释为有力证据，表明婴儿是基于刺激的三维属性对其做出反应。在第二个实验中，通过习惯化恢复技术对相同的辨别能力进行了检验。一组婴儿对固定方向的立方体习惯化，然后测试其对新方向的注视恢复情况。另一组婴儿对单一方向的立方体照片习惯化，然后测试其对新方向照片的注视恢复情况。两组均表现出恢复，且两种条件下的恢复情况相同。这些数据表明，受试者终究能够区分固体立方体的不同方向，且未提供进一步证据表明婴儿能够感知刺激的三维属性。
