Torsvall L, Akerstedt T
Scand J Work Environ Health. 1980 Dec;6(4):283-90. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.2608.
The purpose of the present study was (i) to construct a short scale with high internal reliability for use as a measure of "diurnal type" (morning or evening disposition), (ii) to validate the constructed index against sleep/wake behavior in connection with different workhours, (iii) to study inter- and intraindividual consistency over a 1-a interval, and (iv) to examine the effects of changed workhours on diurnal type scores. Three hundred shift workers filled out the same questionnaire twice with a 1-a interval. An index of seven items was constructed yielding a Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.75. The analysis showed that the morning active (MA) individuals rose earlier and went to bed earlier than the evening active (EA) individuals, and the former had a longer sleep length than the latter during days with a morning shift, while the opposite was true for afternoon and night shifts. During days with a morning shift more EA individuals took naps, but during days with a night shift the MA group took naps more often than the EA group. The MA individuals had fewer sleep complaints than the EA individuals during the morning shift. The correlation was high (r - 0.79, p less than 0.001) for the index between the two administrations with a 1-a interval in between. Those who had changed from shift work to day work tended to report a more pronounced morning active disposition. However the interindividual consistency was still pronounced. It was concluded that the analysis resulted in a short diurnal type scale with high internal reliability and high consistency between measurements and that it differentiated between morning and evening types in sleep/wake habits.
（i）构建一个具有高内部信度的简短量表，用于测量“昼夜类型”（早晨或晚上的倾向）；（ii）针对与不同工作时间相关的睡眠/觉醒行为，验证所构建的指标；（iii）研究个体间和个体内1年间隔期的一致性；（iv）研究工作时间变化对昼夜类型得分的影响。300名轮班工人在1年间隔期内两次填写相同的问卷。构建了一个包含7个条目的指标，其Cronbach α系数为0.75。分析表明，早晨活跃（MA）的个体比晚上活跃（EA）的个体起床更早且上床睡觉更早，并且在早班日MA个体的睡眠时间比EA个体更长，而在中班和夜班日情况则相反。在早班日，更多的EA个体午睡，但在夜班日，MA组比EA组更常午睡。在早班期间，MA个体的睡眠抱怨比EA个体少。两次测量之间间隔1年，该指标的相关性很高（r = 0.79，p < 0.001）。那些从轮班工作改为日班工作的人往往报告有更明显的早晨活跃倾向。然而，个体间的一致性仍然很明显。研究得出结论，分析结果产生了一个简短的昼夜类型量表，具有高内部信度以及测量之间的高一致性，并且在睡眠/觉醒习惯方面区分了早晨型和晚上型。
