Mediastinoscopy for diagnosing diseases of the lung other than primary carcinoma.

Mediastinoscopy is an efficient method of assessing lymphatic spread in carcinoma of the lung. It is also valuable in providing a definitive diagnosis of other lung diseases. At the Montreal Chest Hospital Centre diagnostic mediastinoscopy was performed in 60 patients with diseases of the lung other than primary carcinoma. All had preoperative radiologic evidence of hilar adenopathy. A definitive diagnosis was obtained in 91.7% of cases. Nonspecific adenitis was diagnosed in four patients and in none was there evidence of serious intrathoracic disease subsequently. Morbidity was minimal and there were no deaths. Mediastinoscopy is a safe, accurate and efficient aid in the evaluation of primary or secondary disease of the anterior intrathoracic lymphatic system.