Schubert G E, Pavković M, Kirchhoff L
Urologe A. 1981 Jul;20(4):196-203.
The frequency of 20 morphological findings in bladders fixed shortly after death obtained at post mortem examination from an unselected nonurological series of 70 patients with a median age of 74 years, we studied by evaluation of 12 600 histological data. Squamous metaplasia was found in 27.8% of male and 82.2% of female subjects predominantly at the bladder neck and floor. Squamous metaplasia with different structures at the posterior and lateral wall showed a preponderance in the male subjects. Brunn's nests were observed in 88.9% of male and 88.2% of female patients, sometimes as "Brunn's nests in situ". Focal urothelial hyperplasia was seen in 41.7% of male and 38.2% of female, "labile epithelium" in 13.9% of male and 29.4+ female, micropapillomas in 13.9% male and 11.8% female patients. One male subject (72 years old) had an urothelial carcinoma measuring 1.2 cm (G-2-pT1) which was not recognised clinically.
在一项对70例未经选择的非泌尿系统疾病患者（中位年龄74岁）进行的尸检研究中，我们通过评估12600份组织学数据，研究了死后不久固定的膀胱中20种形态学表现的发生频率。鳞状化生在男性受试者中占27.8%，在女性受试者中占82.2%，主要发生在膀胱颈和底部。后壁和侧壁具有不同结构的鳞状化生在男性受试者中更为常见。在88.9%的男性和88.2%的女性患者中观察到布伦巢，有时表现为“原位布伦巢”。局灶性尿路上皮增生在41.7%的男性和38.2%的女性中可见，“不稳定上皮”在13.9%的男性和29.4%的女性中可见，微乳头状瘤在13.9%的男性和11.8%的女性患者中可见。一名男性受试者（72岁）患有1.2厘米大小的尿路上皮癌（G-2-pT1），临床未识别出来。
