Hort W, Hort I
Klin Wochenschr. 1981 Sep 1;59(17):915-27. doi: 10.1007/BF02310966.
Different kinds of cell motility are reviewed in this paper with special regard to development and ultrastructure. The variety of animal cell motility types can be reduced to three principles : ciliary and ameboid movements and muscle contraction. The ultrastructure of all kinds of cilia is very similar from single cell organisms to highly specialized cells of the human body e.g., ciliary respiratory epithelium. As a rule, ciliary movement is caused by minimal sliding of the nine double tubules consisting of tubulin, a protein differing from myosin and actin. Ameboid movement and muscle cell contraction are based on the sliding filament mechanism of actin and myosin. Although the principles of this mechanism have not changed during evolution some differences in the structure and arrangement of actin and myosin filaments occurred. Obviously, the high degree of order of the myofibrils of vertebrate heart and skeletal muscle cells has developed from loose and rapid changing arrangement of contractile filaments in ameboid cells. There are some changes of residues in the actin and myosin molecules during the development of the intracellular contractile system. Finally, some peculiarities of the myocardium, its special arrangement of muscle cells and some disturbances of the contractile filaments under pathologic conditions are discussed.
本文回顾了不同类型的细胞运动，特别关注其发育和超微结构。动物细胞运动类型的多样性可归纳为三个原理：纤毛运动、阿米巴样运动和肌肉收缩。从单细胞生物到人体高度特化的细胞，如纤毛呼吸上皮细胞，各种纤毛的超微结构非常相似。通常，纤毛运动是由由微管蛋白组成的九条双微管的最小滑动引起的，微管蛋白是一种不同于肌球蛋白和肌动蛋白的蛋白质。阿米巴样运动和肌肉细胞收缩基于肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白的滑动丝机制。尽管该机制的原理在进化过程中没有改变，但肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白丝的结构和排列出现了一些差异。显然，脊椎动物心脏和骨骼肌细胞肌原纤维的高度有序性是从阿米巴样细胞中收缩丝的松散和快速变化排列发展而来的。在细胞内收缩系统的发育过程中，肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白分子中的残基会发生一些变化。最后，讨论了心肌的一些特性、其肌肉细胞的特殊排列以及病理条件下收缩丝的一些紊乱情况。
